Fraunhofer-Publica
The Fraunhofer-Publica has been successfully documenting the research results of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft for over 30 years. The platform enables the collaborative linking of research-relevant objects and disseminates within the international scientific community.
The Fraunhofer-Publica thus fulfils its responsibility to promote the transfer of knowledge and know-how to industry and society.
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Research outputs
As an application-oriented research organisation, Fraunhofer aims to conduct highly innovative and solution-oriented research - for the benefit of society and to strengthen the German and European economy.
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Projects
Fraunhofer is tackling the current challenges facing industry head on. By pooling their expertise and involving industrial partners at an early stage, the Fraunhofer Institutes involved in the projects aim to turn original scientific ideas into marketable products as quickly as possible.
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Researchers
Scientific achievement and practical relevance are not opposites - at Fraunhofer they are mutually dependent. Thanks to the close organisational links between Fraunhofer Institutes and universities, science at Fraunhofer is conducted at an internationally first-class level.
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Institutes
The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is the leading organisation for applied research in Europe. Institutes and research facilities work under its umbrella at various locations throughout Germany.
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PublicationPyrolysis of heavy fuel oil (HFO) - A review on physicochemical properties and pyrolytic decomposition characteristics for application in novel, industrial-scale HFO pyrolysis technology( 2024)Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) undoubtedly represents the structurally most complex petroleum fraction. Composed from a wide range of refinery resdiua after yielding the more valuable light and middle distillate fractions, it has historically been used as a cheap fuel. This has led to the unfolding of detrimental effects for global warming and prevented opportunities to derive valuable products from the residua as both a potentially cost-effective and environmentally sound alternative to combustion. Driven by stricter emissions regulations, a novel pyrolysis technology for high-contaminant HFO derived from Waste Lubricating Oil (WLO) has been developed and proven on a small industrial-scale. Such pyrolysis of HFO, and especially its scalable application, is very rarely reported in literature. As a basis for pyrolytic processing in the novel HFO pyrolysis application, this study systematically reviews the physicochemical characteristics as well as the behavior of various HFO during pyrolytic decomposition. The article provides a comprehensive overview of various HFO types and how their structural complexity is determined by the underlying crude oil type and the refining techniques applied. Results of the study show that the molecular structure of HFO is extremely complex and its assessment requires a combination of several analysis methods as well as modeling approaches. DTG analysis of HFO pyrolysis yields a varying number of observed peaks between one and three, depending on selective compounding and the connected introduction of more volatile components. Moreover, this review finds that the pyrolysis of HFO can undergo several stages depending on the structural composition while the major mass loss stage mostly occurs between 400 and 500°C. These stages are characterized by a pattern of devolatilized gases, with predominantly alkanes and alkenes evolving from HFO pyrolysis. Asphaltenes contained in HFO are concluded to be the main contributor to coke formation during pyrolysis between 350°C and 500°C. This review concludes the general suitability of crude-derived HFO for pyrolysis applications and shall serve as a basis and guideline for further exploration of industrial-scale HFO pyrolysis as a path away from historically prevailing incineration.
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PublicationGutachten zur Validierung eines Konzepts zur privatwirtschaftlichen Finanzierung des Aufbaus eines Wasserstoff-Kernnetzes bei subsidiärer staatlicher Absicherung( 2024)
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PublicationAdditive manufacturing of ceramic multi-material heating and ignition elements for a sustainable space access( 2024)The continuous advancement in the space industry and in space access has opened the doors to greater global participation and exploration, with numerous nations, institutes and companies now actively engaged in space exploration. This expansion owes much to the progress in commercial space technologies, such as reusable launch vehicles and micro satellites, which have significantly reduced the overall costs associated with space missions, thereby enhancing space accessibility. Nevertheless, to foster further growth, it is necessary to look at further options of making space access more sustainable and cost-effective. For that, it is important to investigate and identify the cost drivers. An example is the use of traditional manufacturing techniques and materials, which come with inherent limitations, notably in terms of design flexibility and performance efficiency. This results in solutions that are not only time-consuming to manufacture but also not the most effective, making it a costly process. To address these challenges, increasing emphasis is being placed on utilising alternative manufacturing methods, such as additive manufacturing technologies combined with high-performance ceramic materials. This aims to reduce the overall number of manufacturing steps for producing a component and to optimise complex and functional parts reducing the overall costs of mass-produced or individually manufactured components, as evident in current studies. The primary objective of this study is to enhance space accessibility through the development, production and optimisation of electrically functional, all-ceramic and multi-material components (heating/ignition elements). For that, the AM technology "CerAM MMJ" in combination with high performance ceramic material are utilised and discussed. Subsequently, these components undergo electrical measurements and tests, and the resulting data is presented and analysed in the following sections. The findings aim to shed light on the current state of the art and whether the additively manufactured, fully ceramic and electrically functional components could represent a more cost-effective alternative to conventionally manufactured components in the future.
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PatentFluidmesszelle für einen photoakustischen Sensor( 2022-06-29)
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PublicationA smallest computable entanglement monotone( 2022)The Rains relative entropy of a bipartite quantum state is the tightest known upper bound on its distillable entanglement - which has a crisp physical interpretation of entanglement as a resource - and it is efficiently computable by convex programming. It has not been known to be a selective entanglement monotone in its own right. In this work, we strengthen the interpretation of the Rains relative entropy by showing that it is monotone under the action of selective operations that completely preserve the positivity of the partial transpose, reasonably quantifying entanglement. That is, we prove that Rains relative entropy of an ensemble generated by such an operation does not exceed the Rains relative entropy of the initial state in expectation, giving rise to the smallest, most conservative known computable selective entanglement monotone. Additionally, we show that this is true not only for the original Rains relative entropy, but also for Rains relative entropies derived from various Rényi relative entropies. As an application of these findings, we prove, in both the non-asymptotic and asymptotic settings, that the probabilistic approximate distillable entanglement of a state is bounded from above by various Rains relative entropies.Full version available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.00835
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